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Unlocked disinfection by-product formation potential upon exposure of swimming pool water to additional

Alvyn P. Berg, Ting-An Fang, Hao L. Tang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1098-3

摘要：

• Swimming pool water was studied for DBPs upon exposure to additional stimulants.

• DBP formation could be induced by residual chlorine and extended incubation.

• Urine led to a massive formation of chloroform with additional stimulants.

• Reactions between chlorine and anthropogenic organics were slow and long-lasting.

• Urine control and air ventilation should be on the priority list for pool management.

关键词： Trihalomethanes     Haloacetic acids     Chloroform     Residual chlorine     Anthropogenic organics     Swimming pool water    

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Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 151-157 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0482-7

摘要： The formation of cancinogenic nitrosamines, esp. -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water and wastewater treatment plants has drawn much attention in recent years. Dissolved organic matter from the transported Luan River water as water source of Tianjin was fractionated with different XAD resins and a series of ultra-filtration membranes with molecular weight (MW) cut-offs of 5k Da, 3k Da, and 1k Da, respectively. The NDMA yields from the raw water and each fraction were measured to investigate their role in NDMA yield. Results indicated that the hydrophilic fraction had a higher NDMA yield than those of hydrophobic fraction and transphilic fraction. The fraction with MW below 1k Da had a higher NDMA yield than that with larger MW. NDMA formation increased as the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) ratio decreased, which indicated that DON might serve as the real important precursor for NDMA. The correlation between NDMA yield and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA ) suggested that the latter might not represent the specific precursors for NDMA in the water. Besides the water quality, the influences of pH, disinfectant dosage, and disinfection contact time on the formation of NDMA were also examined. These results will help water treatment plants establish measures to control this harmful disinfection by-product.

关键词： N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)     disinfection by-product     dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC)     hydrophilic     molecular weight (MW)     specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254)    

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Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using dissolved air flotation

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0954-2

摘要： A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation (DAF) by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the DAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for DAF to enhance NOM removal.

关键词： Bubble surface modification     Chitosan     Disinfection by-product     Dissolved air flotation     Organic fraction    

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Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical: progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1629-9

摘要：

● Status of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms by SO4•− is reviewed.

关键词： Sulfate radicals     Disinfection by-products     Inactivation mechanisms     Bacterial inactivation     Water disinfection    

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Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin, nanofiltration and their sequential

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1725-x

摘要：

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts     Control     Anion exchange resin     Nanofiltration     Cytotoxicity    

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Synergistic effects of sodium hypochlorite disinfection and iron-oxidizing bacteria on early corrosion

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1506-3

摘要：

• The early corrosion process in the cast iron pipes was investigated.

关键词： Cast iron pipe corrosion     Drinking water distribution systems     Chlorine disinfection     Iron-oxidizing bacteria     Coupling effects    

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Whole pictures of halogenated disinfection byproducts in tap water from China’s cities

Yang PAN,Xiangru ZHANG,Jianping ZHAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 121-130 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0727-0

摘要： When bromide/iodide is present in source water, hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid will be formed with addition of chlorine, chloramine, or other disinfectants. Hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid undergoes reactions with natural organic matter in source water to form numerous brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, tap water samples were collected from eight cities in China. With the aid of electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by setting precursor ion scans of 35, 81, and 126.9, whole pictures of polar chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples were revealed for the first time. Numerous polar halogenated DBPs were detected, including haloacetic acids, newly identified halogenated phenols, and many new/unknown halogenated compounds. Total organic chlorine, total organic bromine, and total organic iodine were also measured to indicate the total levels of all chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples. The total organic chlorine concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 194.0 μg·L as Cl, with an average of 109.2 μg·L as Cl; the total organic bromine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 113.3 μg·L as Br, with an average of 34.7 μg·L as Br; the total organic iodine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 16.4 μg·L as I, with an average of 9.1 μg·L as I; the total organic halogen concentrations ranged from 31.3 to 220.4 μg·L as Cl, with an average of 127.2 μg·L as Cl.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts (DBPs)     total organic halogen     tap water in China    

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Formation of disinfection byproducts from accumulated soluble products of oleaginous microalga after

Yu Liu, Qiao Zhang, Yu Hong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0938-2

摘要： When microalgae are simultaneously applied for wastewater treatment and lipid production, soluble algal products (SAP) should be paid much attention, as they are important precursors for formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which have potential risks for human health. sp. HQ is an oleaginous microalga that can generate SAP during growth, especially in the exponential phase. This study investigated the contribution of SAP from sp. HQ to DBP formation after chlorination. The predominant DBP precursors from SAP were identified with the 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence. After chlorination, a significant reduction was observed in the fluorescence intensity of five specific fluorescence regions, particularly aromatic proteins and soluble microbial by-product-like regions, accompanied with slight shifting of the peak. The produced DBPs were demonstrated to include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. As the algal cultivation time was extended in wastewater, the accumulated SAP strengthened the formation of DBPs. The trend for DBP formation was as follows: chloroform>dichloroacetic acid>trichloroacetic acid.

关键词： Chlorella sp. HQ     Chlorination     Disinfection byproducts     Fluorescence spectroscopy     Soluble algal products    

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and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

Jingyun FANG,Huiling LIU,Chii SHANG,Minzhen ZENG,Mengling NI,Wei LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 547-552 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0620-2

摘要： The combination of low-dose ozone with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation should be an option to give benefit to disinfection and reduce drawbacks of UV and ozone disinfection. However, less is known about the disinfection performance of UV and ozone (UV/ozone) coexposure and sequential UV-followed-by-ozone (UV-ozone) and ozone-followed-by-UV (ozone-UV) exposures. In this study, inactivation of and bacteriophage MS2 by UV, ozone, UV/ozone coexposure, and sequential UV-ozone and ozone-UV exposures was investigated and compared. Synergistic effects of 0.5–0.9 log kill on inactivation, including increases in the rate and efficiency, were observed after the UV/ozone coexposure at ozone concentrations as low as 0.05 mg·L in ultrapure water. The coexposure with 0.02-mg·L ozone did not enhance the inactivation but repressed photoreactivation. Little enhancement on inactivation was found after the sequential UV-ozone or ozone-UV exposures. The synergistic effect on MS2 inactivation was less significant after the UV/ozone coexposure, and more significant after the sequential ozone-UV and UV-ozone exposures, which was 0.2 log kill for the former and 0.8 log kill for the latter two processes, at ozone dose of 0.1 mg·L and UV dose of 8.55 mJ·cm in ultrapure water. The synergistic effects on disinfection were also observed in tap water. These results show that the combination of UV and low-dose ozone is a promising technology for securing microbiological quality of water.

关键词： bacteria inactivation     photoreactivation     water disinfection     UV     ozone    

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Characteristics of typical dissolved black carbons and their influence on the formation of disinfection

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1585-9

摘要：

● The physicochemical and structural properties of DBC were characterized.

关键词： Dissolved black carbon (DBC)     Chlorine     Chloramine     Disinfection by-products (DBPs)     Disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP)    

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Enhanced formation of trihalomethane disinfection byproducts from halobenzoquinones under combined UV

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1510-7

摘要：

• 2,6-DCBQ and TCBQ generated THMs differently in chlorine and UV/chlorine processes.

关键词： Halobenzoquinone     Trihalomethane     Chlorine disinfection     UV irradiation     Disinfection byproducts     Combined UV/chlorine    

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Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation

Xiaojiang FAN,Yi TAO,Dequan WEI,Xihui ZHANG,Ying LEI,Hiroshi NOGUCHI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 112-120 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0745-y

摘要： The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) and biologic activated carbon (BAC) filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors from micro-polluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid (HoA), base (HoB) and neutral (HoN), weakly hydrophobic acid (WHoA) and hydrophilic matter (HiM) by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 87% of UV , 77% of trihalomethane (THMs) precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid (HAAs) precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde (CH) precursor, 77% of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) precursor, 96% of 1,1,1-trichloroacetone (TCP) precursor and 63% of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000–3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200–500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs.

关键词： ceramic ultrafiltration(UF)     ozonation     organic matter     hydrophilic     hydrophobic     disinfection by-products    

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Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Xiaofeng WANG,Yu ZHAO,Xiaomao WANG,Yuefeng XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 995-1003 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0797-7

摘要： Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg?L and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant.

关键词： disinfection by-products (DBPs)     swimming pool     correlation     total organic carbon (TOC)     chlorine residual     bather load    

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Formation of disinfection by-products during sodium hypochlorite cleaning of fouled membranes from membrane

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1389-3

摘要：

•HAAs was dominant among the DBPs of interest.

关键词： MBR     Biofouling     EPS     Chemical cleaning     DBPs     CLSM    

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Removal efficiencies of natural and synthetic progesterones in hospital wastewater treated by different disinfection

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1558-z

摘要：

● The concentrations of 61 progesterones in HWW, PFTE, SBTE were evaluated.

关键词： Progesterones     Hospital wastewater     Primary filtration treatment effluent     Secondary biological treatment effluent     Disinfection process    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Unlocked disinfection by-product formation potential upon exposure of swimming pool water to additional

Alvyn P. Berg, Ting-An Fang, Hao L. Tang

期刊论文

Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

期刊论文

Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using dissolved air flotation

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

期刊论文

Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical: progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products

期刊论文

Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin, nanofiltration and their sequential

期刊论文

Synergistic effects of sodium hypochlorite disinfection and iron-oxidizing bacteria on early corrosion

期刊论文

Whole pictures of halogenated disinfection byproducts in tap water from China’s cities

Yang PAN,Xiangru ZHANG,Jianping ZHAI

期刊论文

Formation of disinfection byproducts from accumulated soluble products of oleaginous microalga after

Yu Liu, Qiao Zhang, Yu Hong

期刊论文

and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

Jingyun FANG,Huiling LIU,Chii SHANG,Minzhen ZENG,Mengling NI,Wei LIU

期刊论文

Characteristics of typical dissolved black carbons and their influence on the formation of disinfection

期刊论文

Enhanced formation of trihalomethane disinfection byproducts from halobenzoquinones under combined UV

期刊论文

Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation

Xiaojiang FAN,Yi TAO,Dequan WEI,Xihui ZHANG,Ying LEI,Hiroshi NOGUCHI

期刊论文

Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Xiaolu ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Xiaofeng WANG,Yu ZHAO,Xiaomao WANG,Yuefeng XIE

期刊论文

Formation of disinfection by-products during sodium hypochlorite cleaning of fouled membranes from membrane

期刊论文

Removal efficiencies of natural and synthetic progesterones in hospital wastewater treated by different disinfection

期刊论文